Institutional Repository of Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, CAS
| Ocean urea fertilization for carbon credits poses high ecological risks | |
| Glibert, Patricia M.1; Azanza, Rhodora2; Burford, Michele3; Furuya, Ken4; Abal, Eva5; Al-Azri, Adnan6; Al-Yamani, Faiza7; Andersen, Per8; Anderson, Donald M.9; Beardall, John10; Berg, G. Mine11; Brand, Larry12; Bronk, Deborah13; Brookes, Justin14; Burkholder, Joann M.15; Cembella, Allan16; Cochlan, William P.17; Collier, Jackie L.18; Collos, Yves19; Diaz, Robert13; Doblin, Martina20; Drennen, Thomas21,22; Dyhrman, Sonya9,10; Fukuyo, Yasuwo23; Furnas, Miles24; Galloway, James25; Graneli, Edna26; Ha, Dao Viet27; Hallegraeff, Gustaaf28; Harrison, John29; Harrison, Paul J.30; Heil, Cynthia A.31; Heimann, Kirsten32; Howarth, Robert33; Jauzein, Cecile19; Kana, Austin A.21,22; Kana, Todd M.1; Kim, Hakgyoon34; Kudela, Raphael35; Legrand, Catherine26; Mallin, Michael36; Mulholland, Margaret37; Murray, Shauna38; O'Neil, Judith1; Pitcher, Grant39; Qi, Yuzao40; Rabalais, Nancy41; Raine, Robin42; Seitzinger, Sybil43; Salomon, Paulo S.; Solomon, Caroline26,44; Stoecker, Diane K.1; Usup, Gires45; Wilson, Joanne46; Yin, Kedong3; Zhou, Mingjiang47; Zhu, Mingyuan48 | |
| 2008-06-01 | |
| 发表期刊 | MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
 |
| ISSN | 0025-326X |
| 卷号 | 56期号:6页码:1049-1056 |
| 文章类型 | Editorial Material |
| 摘要 | The proposed plan for enrichment of the Sulu Sea, Philippines, a region of rich marine biodiversity, with thousands of tonnes of urea in order to stimulate algal blooms and sequester carbon is flawed for multiple reasons. Urea is preferentially used as a nitrogen source by some cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, many of which are neutrally or positively buoyant. Biological pumps to the deep sea are classically leaky, and the inefficient burial of new biomass makes the estimation of a net loss of carbon from the atmosphere questionable at best. The potential for growth of toxic dinoflagellates is also high, as many grow well on urea and some even increase their toxicity when grown on urea. Many toxic dinoflagellates form cysts which can settle to the sediment and germinate in subsequent years, forming new blooms even without further fertilization. If large-scale blooms do occur, it is likely that they will contribute to hypoxia in the bottom waters upon decomposition. Lastly, urea production requires fossil fuel usage, further limiting the potential for net carbon sequestration. The environmental and economic impacts are potentially great and need to be rigorously assessed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.; The proposed plan for enrichment of the Sulu Sea, Philippines, a region of rich marine biodiversity, with thousands of tonnes of urea in order to stimulate algal blooms and sequester carbon is flawed for multiple reasons. Urea is preferentially used as a nitrogen source by some cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates, many of which are neutrally or positively buoyant. Biological pumps to the deep sea are classically leaky, and the inefficient burial of new biomass makes the estimation of a net loss of carbon from the atmosphere questionable at best. The potential for growth of toxic dinoflagellates is also high, as many grow well on urea and some even increase their toxicity when grown on urea. Many toxic dinoflagellates form cysts which can settle to the sediment and germinate in subsequent years, forming new blooms even without further fertilization. If large-scale blooms do occur, it is likely that they will contribute to hypoxia in the bottom waters upon decomposition. Lastly, urea production requires fossil fuel usage, further limiting the potential for net carbon sequestration. The environmental and economic impacts are potentially great and need to be rigorously assessed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
| 关键词 | Urea Dumping Ocean Fertilization Carbon Credits Sulu Sea Carbon Sequestration Harmful Algae Toxic Dinoflagellates Cyanobacteria Hypoxia |
| 学科领域 | Environmental Sciences ; Marine & Freshwater Biology |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.03.010 |
| URL | 查看原文 |
| 收录类别 | SCI |
| 语种 | 英语 |
| WOS记录号 | WOS:000257377400014 |
| 引用统计 | |
| 文献类型 | 期刊论文 |
| 条目标识符 | http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/5344 |
| 专题 | 海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室 |
| 作者单位 | 1.Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA 2.Univ Philippines, Inst Marine Sci, Quezon City 1101, Philippines 3.Griffith Univ, Australian Rivers Inst, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia 4.Univ Tokyo, Dept Aquat Biosci, Tokyo 1138657, Japan 5.SE Queensland Healthy Waterways Partnership, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia 6.Sultan Quboos Univ, Dept Marine Sci & Fisheries, Muscat, Oman 7.Kuwait Inst Sci Res, Safat 13109, Kuwait 8.Orbicon AS, DK-8260 Vibyj, Denmark 9.Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA 10.Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia 11.Stanford Univ, Dept Geophys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA 12.Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA 13.Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA 14.Univ Adelaide, Water Res Cluster, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia 15.N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Appl Aquat Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA 16.Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany 17.San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, San Francisco, CA 94920 USA 18.SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA 19.Univ Montpellier 2, IFREMER, CNRS, Lab Ecosyst Lagunaires UMR 5119, F-34095 Montpellier 5, France 20.Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia 21.Hobart & William Smith Coll, Dept Econ, Geneva, NY 14456 USA 22.Hobart & William Smith Coll, Dept Environm Studies, Geneva, NY 14456 USA 23.Univ Tokyo, Asian Nat Environm Sci Ctr, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138657, Japan 24.Australian Inst Marine Sci, Water Qual & Ecosyst Hlth Team, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia 25.Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA 26.Univ Kalmar, Dept Marine Sci, Kalmar 39182, Sweden 27.Inst Oceanog, Nhatrang City, Vietnam 28.Univ Tasmania, Sch Plant Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia 29.Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA 30.Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Atmospher Marine & Coastal Environm Program, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China 31.Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA 32.James Cook Univ, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia 33.Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA 34.Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Ocean Sci, Pusan, South Korea 35.Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci & Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA 36.Univ N Carolina Wilmington, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA 37.Old Dominion Univ, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA 38.Univ Sydney, Sch Biol Sci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia 39.Marine & Coastal Management, Cape Town, South Africa 40.Jinan Univ, Res Ctr Harmful Algae & Aquat Environm, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, Peoples R China 41.Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA 42.Natl Univ Ireland, Martin Ryan Inst, Galway, Ireland 43.State Univ New Jersey, NOAA CMER, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA 44.Gallaudet Univ, Dept Biol, Washington, DC 20002 USA 45.Univ Kebangsaan Malaysia, Fac Sci & Technol, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia 46.Nature Conservancy, Coral Triangle Ctr, Sanur 80228, Bali, Indonesia 47.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China 48.First Inst Oceanog, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China |
| 推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714 | Glibert, Patricia M.,Azanza, Rhodora,Burford, Michele,et al. Ocean urea fertilization for carbon credits poses high ecological risks[J]. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN,2008,56(6):1049-1056. |
| APA | Glibert, Patricia M..,Azanza, Rhodora.,Burford, Michele.,Furuya, Ken.,Abal, Eva.,...&Zhu, Mingyuan.(2008).Ocean urea fertilization for carbon credits poses high ecological risks.MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN,56(6),1049-1056. |
| MLA | Glibert, Patricia M.,et al."Ocean urea fertilization for carbon credits poses high ecological risks".MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 56.6(2008):1049-1056. |
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