Axial growth of hexactinellid spicules: Formation of cone-like structural units in the giant basal spicules of the hexactinellid Monorhaphis

doi:10.1016/j.jsb.2008.08.005

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	Axial growth of hexactinellid spicules: Formation of cone-like structural units in the giant basal spicules of the hexactinellid Monorhaphis
	Wang, Xiaohong 2; Boreiko, Alexandra 1; Schlossmacher, Ute 1; Brandt, David 1; Schroeder, Heinz C.1; Li, Jinhe 3; Kaandorp, Jaap A.4; Goetz, Hermann 5; Duschner, Heinz 5; Mueller, Werner E. G.1
	2008-12-01
发表期刊	JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
ISSN	1047-8477
卷号	164 期号:3 页码:270-280
文章类型	Article
摘要	The glass sponge Monorhaphis chuni (Porifera: Hexactinellida) forms the largest bio-silica structures on Earth; their giant basal spicules reach sizes of up to 3 m and diameters of 8.5 mm. Previously, it had been shown that the thickness growth proceeds by appositional layering of individual lamellae; however, the mechanism for the longitudinal growth remained unstudied. Now we show, that the surface of the spicules have towards the tip serrated relief structures that are consistent in size and form with the protrusions on the surface of the spicules. These protrusions fit into the collagen net that surrounds the spicules. The widths of the individual lamellae do not show a pronounced size tendency. The apical elongation of the spicule proceeds by piling up cone-like structural units formed from silica. As a support of the assumption that in the extracellular space silicatein(-like) molecules exist that associate with the external surface of the respective spicule immunogold electron microscopic analyses were performed. With the primmorph system from Suberites domuncula we show that silicatein(-like) molecules assemble as string- and net-like arrangements around the spicules. At their tips the silicatein(-like) molecules are initially stacked and at a later stay also organized into net-like structures. Silicatein(-like) molecules have been extracted from the giant basal spicule of Monorhaphis. Applying the SDS-PAGE technique it could be shown that silicatein molecules associate to dimers and trimers. Higher complexes (filaments) are formed from silicatein(-like) molecules, as can be visualized by electron microscopy (SEM). In the presence of ortho-silicate these filaments become covered with 30-60 nm long small rod-like/cuboid particles of silica. From these data we conclude that the apical elongation of the spicules of Monorhaphis proceeds by piling up cone-like silica structural units, whose synthesis is mediated by silicatein(-like) molecules. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.; The glass sponge Monorhaphis chuni (Porifera: Hexactinellida) forms the largest bio-silica structures on Earth; their giant basal spicules reach sizes of up to 3 m and diameters of 8.5 mm. Previously, it had been shown that the thickness growth proceeds by appositional layering of individual lamellae; however, the mechanism for the longitudinal growth remained unstudied. Now we show, that the surface of the spicules have towards the tip serrated relief structures that are consistent in size and form with the protrusions on the surface of the spicules. These protrusions fit into the collagen net that surrounds the spicules. The widths of the individual lamellae do not show a pronounced size tendency. The apical elongation of the spicule proceeds by piling up cone-like structural units formed from silica. As a support of the assumption that in the extracellular space silicatein(-like) molecules exist that associate with the external surface of the respective spicule immunogold electron microscopic analyses were performed. With the primmorph system from Suberites domuncula we show that silicatein(-like) molecules assemble as string- and net-like arrangements around the spicules. At their tips the silicatein(-like) molecules are initially stacked and at a later stay also organized into net-like structures. Silicatein(-like) molecules have been extracted from the giant basal spicule of Monorhaphis. Applying the SDS-PAGE technique it could be shown that silicatein molecules associate to dimers and trimers. Higher complexes (filaments) are formed from silicatein(-like) molecules, as can be visualized by electron microscopy (SEM). In the presence of ortho-silicate these filaments become covered with 30-60 nm long small rod-like/cuboid particles of silica. From these data we conclude that the apical elongation of the spicules of Monorhaphis proceeds by piling up cone-like silica structural units, whose synthesis is mediated by silicatein(-like) molecules. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
关键词	Sponges Hexactinellida Monorhaphis Chuni Spicules Silicatein Axial Growth
学科领域	Biochemistry & Molecular Biology ; Biophysics ; Cell Biology
DOI	10.1016/j.jsb.2008.08.005
URL	查看原文
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
WOS记录号	WOS:000264521200005
引用统计	被引频次：22[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://ir.qdio.ac.cn/handle/337002/5654
专题	实验海洋生物学重点实验室
作者单位	1.Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Physiol Chem, Angew Mol Biol Abt, D-55099 Mainz, Germany 2.Natl Res Ctr Geoanal, CHN-100037 Beijing, Peoples R China 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, CHN-266071 Qingdao, Peoples R China 4.Univ Amsterdam, Sect Computat Sci, NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam, Netherlands 5.Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Angew Struktur & Mikroanalyt Univ Bau 911, D-55131 Mainz, Germany
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Wang, Xiaohong,Boreiko, Alexandra,Schlossmacher, Ute,et al. Axial growth of hexactinellid spicules: Formation of cone-like structural units in the giant basal spicules of the hexactinellid Monorhaphis[J]. JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY,2008,164(3):270-280.
APA	Wang, Xiaohong.,Boreiko, Alexandra.,Schlossmacher, Ute.,Brandt, David.,Schroeder, Heinz C..,...&Mueller, Werner E. G..(2008).Axial growth of hexactinellid spicules: Formation of cone-like structural units in the giant basal spicules of the hexactinellid Monorhaphis.JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY,164(3),270-280.
MLA	Wang, Xiaohong,et al."Axial growth of hexactinellid spicules: Formation of cone-like structural units in the giant basal spicules of the hexactinellid Monorhaphis".JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 164.3(2008):270-280.

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